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Turkish Indirect Object Pronouns

Turkish indirect object pronouns are used to indicate the recipient of an action or the person for whom an action is performed. These pronouns are formed by adding specific suffixes to personal pronouns.

Formation

• Bana (to me)
• Sana (to you, informal)
• Ona (to him/her/it)
• Bize (to us)
• Size (to you, plural/formal)
• Onlara (to them)

Usage in Sentences

Indirect object pronouns typically precede the direct object and follow the subject:

• Ali bana kitap verdi. (Ali gave me a book.)
• Öğretmen size ödev gönderdi. (The teacher sent you homework.)

Vowel Harmony

Turkish indirect object pronouns follow vowel harmony rules:

• After words ending in vowels: -ya/-ye
• After words ending in consonants: -a/-e

Dative Case

Indirect object pronouns are closely related to the dative case, which indicates the recipient or direction of an action:

• Arkadaşıma hediye aldım. (I bought a gift for my friend.)

Word Order Flexibility

While indirect object pronouns usually come before the verb, Turkish allows for some flexibility in word order:

• Mektubu ona gönderdim. (I sent the letter to him.)
• Ona mektubu gönderdim. (I sent him the letter.)