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Direct vs. Indirect Speech

In Turkish, reported speech follows similar principles to English, with some key differences:

• Tense changes are less rigid
• Pronouns shift according to the new speaker's perspective
• The verb "demek" (to say) is often used to introduce reported speech

Tense Changes

Unlike English, Turkish doesn't always require a tense shift in reported speech. The original tense is often maintained:

• Direct: "Yorgunum." (I'm tired.)
• Indirect: Ali yorgun olduğunu söyledi. (Ali said he was tired.)

Pronoun Shifts

Pronouns change to reflect the new speaker's viewpoint:

• Direct: "Ben okula gidiyorum." (I'm going to school.)
• Indirect: Ayşe okula gittiğini söyledi. (Ayşe said she was going to school.)

Using "Demek"

The verb "demek" is commonly used to introduce reported speech:

• Ali "Acıktım" dedi. (Ali said, "I'm hungry.")
• Ali acıktığını dedi. (Ali said he was hungry.)

Reported Questions

For reported questions, the question word remains in its original position:

• Direct: "Nereye gidiyorsun?" (Where are you going?)
• Indirect: Bana nereye gittiğimi sordu. (He asked me where I was going.)

Reporting Commands

Commands are reported using the "-mAsInI" form:

• Direct: "Kitabı oku!" (Read the book!)
• Indirect: Bana kitabı okumamı söyledi. (He told me to read the book.)