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Turkish Gerunds

Turkish gerunds are formed by adding specific suffixes to verb stems:

• -mek/-mak: Basic infinitive form
• -me/-ma: Verbal noun
• -iş/-ış/-uş/-üş: Action noun

These forms can function as nouns in sentences:

• Yüzmek sağlıklıdır. (Swimming is healthy.)
• Koşmayı severim. (I like running.)

Turkish Infinitives

Turkish infinitives are versatile and can be used in various ways:

1. As subjects:

   • Erken kalkmak zordur. (Getting up early is difficult.)

2. As objects:

   • Kitap okumayı seviyorum. (I like reading books.)

3. With postpositions:

   • Yemek yemeden önce ellerini yıka. (Wash your hands before eating.)

Differences from English

Unlike English, Turkish gerunds and infinitives:

• Do not require separate forms for perfect or continuous aspects
• Can take possessive suffixes
• Often replace subordinate clauses

Example:

• Geldiğini gördüm. (I saw that you came/were coming.)

Common Usage Patterns

1. Purpose:

   • Alışveriş yapmak için markete gittim. (I went to the market to shop.)

2. Ability:

   • Türkçe konuşabiliyorum. (I can speak Turkish.)

3. Necessity:

   • Eve gitmem lazım. (I need to go home.)

Understanding these forms is crucial for mastering Turkish sentence structure and expressing complex ideas concisely.