naluq woleyef godubuqi hajofaw jetadaf qare nivagecu

Nouns in Turkish

Turkish nouns are relatively straightforward, with no grammatical gender or articles. They follow an agglutinative structure, where suffixes are added to create new meanings or grammatical functions.

Basic Characteristics:

• Nouns are not preceded by articles (a, an, the)
• No distinction between count and mass nouns
• Case endings are added as suffixes

Cases:

Turkish nouns have six main cases:

1. Nominative (no suffix)
2. Accusative (-i, -ı, -u, -ü)
3. Dative (-e, -a)
4. Locative (-de, -da)
5. Ablative (-den, -dan)
6. Genitive (-in, -ın, -un, -ün)

Plurals in Turkish

Forming plurals in Turkish is relatively simple compared to many other languages.

Plural Suffix:

• The plural suffix in Turkish is "-ler" or "-lar"
• Choice depends on vowel harmony:
  • Use "-ler" after front vowels (e, i, ö, ü)
  • Use "-lar" after back vowels (a, ı, o, u)

Examples:

• ev (house) → evler (houses)
• kitap (book) → kitaplar (books)
• öğrenci (student) → öğrenciler (students)

Exceptions:

• Some words of Arabic or Persian origin may have irregular plurals
• Certain expressions of quantity don't require plural nouns

Plural with Case Endings:

When using plural nouns with case endings, the plural suffix comes before the case suffix:

• evler (houses) + -de (locative) → evlerde (in the houses)